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The Writer’s Glossary: From A to Z

Our glossary is here to demystify the terms you may come across as an author. Explore definitions, find additional information, and build a solid foundation of knowledge to help you through every step of your writing and publishing journey.

A to Z Glossary

This glossary covers terms you may encounter during the writing, publishing, and marketing process of creating your book. Look for the (W), (P), and (M) to identify which category a term is located in, and please bear in mind that some terms may belong in more than one category. We simply picked the one we thought was the best fit. 

Exploring These Concepts Further

Alpha Reader vs Beta Reader vs ARC Reader

Alpha, Beta, and ARCs are all readers of pre-published work at different stages of the writing process. An Alpha Reader will be one of the first readers of the manuscript. They will read the manuscript before it is edited or polished; their role is to provide feedback on the plot, characters, and themes. Alpha readers are often family, friends, or fellow writers. The Alpha Readers' role is to point out significant flaws and inconsistencies in the manuscript and provide suggestions for improvement. Beta Readers should be part of the book's target market. These are readers who receive a version of the manuscript that is close to publication. It should have been edited based on feedback from Alpha Reader, and significant issues should have been resolved. Regular editing should also have occurred. The feedback a Beta Reader will provide can be on character development, dialogue, pacing, and overall readability. ARC Readers are the final readers before the manuscript is published. These readers are receiving an advanced copy of the book. ARC Readers are reviewers. They may be a part of the authors' ARC Team or bloggers, booksellers, influencers, etc. ARC Readers can create buzz about a book through initial reviews on Amazon or if they have an online presence through their own channel. ARC Readers may also provide Editorial Reviews to be added to the back matter of the published book and on the author's website or social media.

Publishing Types: What You Need to Know

Navigating the world of publishing can be challenging, so it's essential for authors to understand the different types of publishing to make informed decisions for their work. Traditional Publishing: In traditional publishing, authors don’t pay fees to agents or publishers. Typically, authors need a literary agent to pitch their manuscripts. If accepted, the publisher covers all costs, and authors receive royalties from book sales. While traditional publishing provides the prestige and resources of established publishers, it often involves longer timelines and less control over the final product. Vanity Publishing: Vanity publishers charge authors for their services and often take rights to the manuscript. Their business model relies primarily on fees from authors rather than book sales. Some vanity publishers target inexperienced authors eager to see their work in print, sometimes offering services that may not meet high standards at premium prices. It’s important to approach these options with caution, as vanity publishing can prioritize profit over the long-term success of your book. If a publisher requests money while presenting themselves as traditional, it’s wise to investigate further and consider other options. Self-Publishing: In self-publishing, authors maintain full control over every aspect of their book, from formatting to marketing. While this route requires a budget, the key benefit is retaining complete rights to your work. Authors have the flexibility to choose their own editors, cover designers, and marketing strategies, or to work with a company that offers these services. This allows for greater customization and potentially higher quality, as you can select professionals who align with your vision. Be cautious of companies offering bundled services and ensure they are transparent about costs and do not claim any rights to your book. Hybrid Publishing: Hybrid publishers blend aspects of traditional and self-publishing. They often charge for certain services but may also retain some rights to the book. While hybrid publishing can involve costs, many reputable hybrid publishers provide valuable services and support that can benefit authors. It’s important to research and evaluate hybrid publishers carefully to ensure they offer transparency and align with your goals. Final Tip: Always review contracts carefully and consult a lawyer if needed. Doing your research can protect your rights and help you choose the best publishing path for your goals.

Rough Draft vs Complete Manuscript

Rough Draft: Definition: A rough draft is the initial version of a manuscript where the writer gets their ideas down on paper. It's often incomplete, unpolished, and may contain inconsistencies or errors. Purpose: The main goal of a rough draft is to capture the core ideas, plot, and character development. It’s more about getting your thoughts out than worrying about perfection. Steps to Complete Manuscript: Revisions: After completing the rough draft, the writer reviews and revises the text. This involves reorganizing sections, adding or removing content, and refining the overall structure and flow. Editing: Once revisions are made, the manuscript undergoes editing. This includes correcting grammatical errors, improving sentence structure, and ensuring clarity and coherence. It often involves multiple rounds of edits. Proofreading: The final stage before considering the manuscript complete is proofreading. This step focuses on catching any remaining typos, spelling errors, and minor mistakes. Formatting: The manuscript is then formatted according to publishing standards or submission guidelines. This includes setting margins, fonts, and ensuring consistent styling. Complete Manuscript: Definition: A complete manuscript is the polished, final version of the text, ready for submission to agents, publishers, or for self-publishing. It should be free of major errors and inconsistencies. Purpose: The complete manuscript represents the final product that reflects the writer’s vision and is ready for the next steps in the publishing process. In summary, the rough draft is the starting point, full of potential but in need of development, while the complete manuscript is the refined, final version ready for publication or submission.

Laughing Colleagues

Archetypes: Heroes, Villians, And Quirky Characters

In the world of storytelling, certain character types have stood the test of time, appearing again and again in literature, film, and other forms of narrative. These archetypes are universal, recognizable figures that embody fundamental human traits and roles. From the brave hero to the cunning trickster, archetypes provide the building blocks for creating memorable and impactful stories. Below is a list of character archetypes, organized alphabetically. Whether you're crafting your own narrative or analyzing a beloved tale, understanding these archetypes will help you recognize the timeless patterns that shape our stories. Here is a list of some of the common archetypes you see in stories. Anti-Hero: A protagonist who lacks conventional heroic qualities but still drives the story forward. Buffoon: Someone who is clumsy and silly, often adding humor through their antics. Cinnamon Roll: A character who is incredibly kind, sweet, and generally innocent, often facing challenges with optimism and care. Comic Relief: A character who provides humor and lighthearted moments, often easing the tension in serious situations and adding a sense of fun. Corrupt Authority: A figure in a position of power who abuses their authority for personal gain or to oppress others. Curmudgeon: A character who is often irritable, cynical, and gruff, resistant to change, but may have a hidden soft side. Damsel in Distress: A character often portrayed as needing rescue, but modern versions may be resourceful and capable. Eccentric Genius: A character who is brilliant but socially awkward or eccentric. Evil Overlord: A powerful and tyrannical ruler with grand ambitions of domination or control. Everyman: An ordinary character who is relatable and serves as a stand-in for the audience. Fallen Hero: A character who was once a hero but has turned to the dark side, often due to a tragic event or moral corruption. Femme Fatale: A seductive and dangerous woman who uses her charm and allure to manipulate others. Foil: A character who contrasts with the protagonist to highlight particular traits or qualities of the hero. Fuddy-Duddy: An old-fashioned character who is overly serious and resistant to change, often providing humor through their rigidity. Golden Retriever: A character who is loyal, friendly, and eager-to-please, characterized by their supportive and positive nature. Goofball: A character who is silly and constantly making jokes or engaging in absurd behavior. Hero: The central character who faces challenges and conflicts, often embarking on a journey or quest. Innocent/Naïve: A character who is pure, inexperienced, or oblivious to the harsh realities of the world, often leading to personal growth or a loss of innocence. Loner/Outsider: A character who is often isolated from others, either by choice or circumstance, and may struggle with fitting in or being understood. Mad Scientist: A character who pursues knowledge or experiments without regard for morality or ethics. Mary Sue: A character who is unrealistically perfect, often possessing exceptional abilities, beauty, or virtues without significant flaws. The male counterpart is often referred to as a "Gary Stu" or "Marty Stu." Mastermind: A highly intelligent and calculating villain who orchestrates complex schemes and manipulates others. Mentor: An experienced and wise character who guides the hero, providing them with knowledge, training, or advice. Nincompoop: A character who is endearing but somewhat clueless or foolish, often providing comic relief. Oddball: A character with unconventional habits or ideas that set them apart, often resulting in funny or awkward situations. Orphan: A character who has lost their parents and often faces challenges or emotional trauma as a result. Power-Hungry Tyrant: A villain obsessed with acquiring and maintaining power, often through oppression and violence. Protector: A character who is devoted to safeguarding others, often acting out of a sense of duty, loyalty, or love. Rebel: A character who opposes authority, challenges societal norms, or seeks to change the status quo, often driven by a desire for freedom or justice. Revenge-Seeker: A character driven by a desire for revenge, often with a tragic backstory that fuels their malevolent actions. Sidekick: A loyal companion who supports the hero, often providing comic relief or additional skills. Sociopath: A villain who lacks empathy and exhibits cold, calculating behavior. Temptress/Seducer: A character who uses their allure or charm to lead others astray, often causing them to betray their values or mission. Tragic Hero: A character who is noble and virtuous but has a tragic flaw or makes a critical mistake that leads to their downfall or suffering. Trickster: A villain who uses cunning, deception, and trickery to achieve their aims. Wise Fool: A seemingly foolish character who, despite their apparent lack of intelligence or social skills, offers profound wisdom or insight. Wounded Healer: A character who has experienced significant pain or trauma but uses that experience to help or heal others.

ARC Team vs Beta Team vs Street Team

Beta Team (Beta Readers) Purpose: To provide feedback on a manuscript during the drafting phase, before it is finalized. Function: Beta readers review the manuscript and offer feedback on plot, characters, pacing, and overall readability. Their insights help the author make revisions and improve the manuscript before it moves to the editing stage. Typical Timing: During or after the drafting phase, before editing and publication. ARC Team (Advanced Reader Copy Team) Purpose: To read and review a manuscript before its official release. Function: Members receive early copies of the book (ARCs) to provide feedback and write reviews. Their feedback helps the author and publisher make final adjustments and generate early buzz. Typical Timing: Usually shortly before the book's official release date. Street Team Purpose: To help promote a book through word-of-mouth and grassroots marketing. Function: Members actively promote the book by sharing it on social media, organizing local events, distributing promotional materials, and engaging with potential readers. They help generate excitement and awareness about the book’s release.

Types of Editing

Editing is the process of reviewing and revising a manuscript to improve its clarity, coherence, and overall quality. It typically involves several stages: Developmental Editing: Addresses major structural and content issues, such as plot, character development, and overall narrative. This is typically done early in the editing process. Substantive Editing: Focuses on refining specific elements within the manuscript, such as thematic consistency and narrative detail. It may overlap with developmental editing but is often more detailed. Line Editing: Enhances style, sentence structure, and readability, ensuring the text flows smoothly and maintains a consistent tone and voice. Copy Editing: Corrects grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting, and ensures adherence to style guides and formatting rules. Proofreading: The final check to catch any remaining errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting after the manuscript has been edited and formatted for publication. Fact-Checking: Verifies the accuracy of factual information in the manuscript, including dates, names, and events. Each stage plays a crucial role in refining the manuscript and preparing it for publication.

Types of Style Guides

Writing style guides are essential for ensuring consistency, clarity, and proper citation in academic and professional writing. Here’s a look at some of the most widely used style guides and their primary applications: 1. MLA (Modern Language Association) Used In: Humanities, particularly literature, language studies, and cultural studies. Key Features: Focuses on the author-page format for in-text citations, with a detailed works cited page. MLA is known for its straightforward approach to citing sources and formatting papers. 2. APA (American Psychological Association) Used In: Social sciences, including psychology, sociology, education, and business. Key Features: Utilizes an author-date citation format, allowing readers to easily locate sources. APA emphasizes structured papers with sections like abstract, methods, and results, catering to research-focused writing. 3. Chicago Style Used In: History, publishing, and some social sciences. Key Features: Offers two citation systems: Notes and Bibliography (commonly used in history and the humanities) and Author-Date (preferred in the sciences). Chicago is valued for its flexibility and is a staple in book publishing. 4. AMA (American Medical Association) Used In: Medical and health-related fields. Key Features: Employs a numerical citation system, where sources are numbered sequentially as they appear in the text and listed in the same order in the reference list. AMA is tailored to the needs of medical research and writing. 5. AP (Associated Press) Used In: Journalism and public relations. Key Features: Known for its emphasis on clarity, brevity, and consistency in grammar, punctuation, and word choice. AP style is widely adopted in news writing, ensuring that content is accessible and easy to understand. 6. CSE (Council of Science Editors) Used In: Natural sciences, including biology, chemistry, and physics. Key Features: Offers three citation systems—citation-sequence, name-year, and citation-name—providing flexibility depending on the specific needs of scientific writing. Conclusion Each writing style guide is tailored to specific disciplines, ensuring that writers can effectively communicate within their field. MLA and APA are the most common for academic writing, while Chicago offers flexibility across disciplines. AMA is essential for medical writing, AP is the standard in journalism, and CSE serves the natural sciences. Understanding these guides helps writers meet the expectations of their audience and maintain professional standards.

Blurb vs Blurb

In writing and publishing, the term "blurb" can refer to different types of content, each serving a unique purpose in promoting a book or author. 1. Book Blurb: This is the brief description found on a book’s back cover or inside flap. Its goal is to intrigue readers with a quick snapshot of the book’s plot, themes, and appeal, enticing them to read more. 2. Author Blurb: An author blurb is a short bio of the author, usually found on the book cover or jacket. It highlights the author’s background, achievements, and previous works, helping to establish credibility and connect with readers. 3. Promotional Blurb: Used in marketing materials like press releases or online listings, the promotional blurb is a concise summary aimed at generating interest from booksellers, librarians, or media professionals. It focuses on the book’s unique selling points and comparisons to other successful titles. Each blurb type is designed to capture attention, whether it’s from a potential reader, a retailer, or the media, making them essential tools in the book marketing toolkit.

Common Tropes

These tropes are prevalent across various genres and can be used in many different ways to add depth, tension, or familiarity to a story. They can be played straight, subverted, or combined with other tropes to create unique narratives. The Chosen One: A character who is destined to save the world or accomplish a great task, often marked by unique abilities or a prophecy. Forbidden Love: A romantic relationship that is disapproved of by society, family, or other external forces, creating tension and drama. Rags to Riches: A story where the protagonist starts off in poverty or a lowly state and rises to wealth, success, or prominence. The Quest: A journey that the hero undertakes to achieve a specific goal, often involving challenges and adventures along the way. The Love Triangle: A romantic plot where a character is torn between two potential love interests, leading to tension and drama. The Mentor: An experienced and wise figure who provides guidance, training, or wisdom to the hero or protagonist. The Villain with a Tragic Backstory: A villain whose evil actions are explained or justified by a tragic or traumatic past. The Reluctant Hero: A character who is initially unwilling to take on the heroic role or responsibility but eventually rises to the challenge. The Damsel in Distress: A character (often female) who is in danger and needs rescuing, though modern versions may subvert this by making the damsel more capable. Enemies to Lovers: A trope where characters who start off as adversaries gradually fall in love over the course of the story. The Secret Identity: A character who hides their true identity, often to protect themselves or those they care about. Redemption Arc: A storyline where a character who has done wrong seeks to atone for their mistakes and redeem themselves. The Loyal Sidekick: A supportive companion to the hero, often providing help, humor, or additional skills. The Anti-Hero: A protagonist who lacks traditional heroic qualities but still drives the story, often morally ambiguous or flawed. Fish Out of Water: A character who is placed in an unfamiliar environment, leading to humor, confusion, or growth. The Underdog: A character who is at a disadvantage but overcomes obstacles to achieve success, often against the odds. The Misunderstood Villain: A character who is perceived as evil but has understandable or sympathetic motives. The Prophecy: A prediction or prophecy that dictates the fate of the characters, often guiding the plot. The Rivalry: A conflict between characters who compete against each other, often driving the plot or character development. The Mentor's Death: The mentor figure dies, usually to motivate the hero to grow and succeed on their own.

Tropes and Archetypes

A trope is a recurring theme, motif, or plot device commonly used in literature, film, and other storytelling mediums. It refers to recognizable and often conventional elements that help shape the narrative and evoke specific responses from the audience. Tropes can include narrative structures, character types, or thematic concepts and may become clichéd if overused or not executed with originality. In contrast, an archetype is a fundamental, universal character type or story pattern that represents common human experiences and psychological patterns. Archetypes are foundational figures or themes, such as "the hero," "the mentor," or "the shadow," that recur across cultures and time periods. They embody essential human traits and experiences, providing deep symbolic resonance and serving as building blocks for characters and narratives.

Literary Lengths

Microfiction: Up to 100 words (Fiction): Extremely short stories conveying a complete idea in a very brief space. Flash Fiction: 100 to 1,000 words (Fiction): Short, focused stories that often emphasize a single scene or moment. Essay: 500 to 5,000 words (Nonfiction): A short piece focused on a specific topic or argument, often personal or reflective. Article: 500 to 2,000 words (Nonfiction): Written for magazines, newspapers, or online platforms, covering news, analysis, or informative content. Short Story: 1,000 to 7,500 words (Fiction): A complete narrative with a beginning, middle, and end, often focusing on a single character or event. Report: 1,000 to 10,000 words (Nonfiction): A detailed document providing information or analysis on a specific subject, often used in business, science, or government. White Paper: 2,500 to 10,000 words (Nonfiction): An authoritative report or guide on a particular topic, often used in marketing or government. Novelette: 7,500 to 20,000 words (Fiction): Longer than a short story but shorter than a novella, allowing for more character development and subplots. Novella: 20,000 to 50,000 words (Fiction): More complex than a short story or novelette, with a more developed plot and characters, but not as expansive as a full-length novel. Memoir/Personal Narrative: 20,000 to 80,000 words (Nonfiction): A nonfiction account of the author's personal experiences. Biography/Autobiography: 50,000 to 100,000 words (Nonfiction): A detailed account of a person's life, either written by someone else (biography) or by the subject themselves (autobiography). Novel: 50,000 to 110,000 words (Fiction): A full-length work with multiple characters, subplots, and a more intricate narrative structure. Nonfiction Book: 50,000 to 110,000 words (Nonfiction): A full-length work on a particular subject, such as history, science, self-help, or true crime. Thesis/Dissertation: 15,000 to 100,000 words (Nonfiction): An academic work submitted in support of a degree, presenting original research. Epic Fiction: Over 110,000 words (Fiction): An extensive and often grand-scale narrative, usually involving complex plots, a large cast of characters, and detailed world-building. Epic Nonfiction: Over 110,000 words (Nonfiction): Extensive works that cover a topic in great detail, often involving years of research.

A to Z of Writing, Publishing, and Marketing Terms

This glossary helps you decode the essential terms you'll come across in the book creation process. Terms are marked with (W) for Writing, (P) for Publishing, and (M) for Marketing. Some terms fit multiple categories, but we’ve highlighted the most relevant one. Use this guide to navigate your book’s journey with confidence!

Action Beats

W

Action beats are brief actions or gestures that accompany dialogue, used instead of dialogue tags like "said" or "asked." They help convey a character’s emotions and add depth to the conversation.

Example:
Instead of: “I don’t know,” she said.
Try: She looked down, fidgeting with her bracelet. “I don’t know.”

Adjective

W

A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, providing more information about its attributes, such as size, color, or quantity.

Adult

W

The target audience for these books is adults. Adult books will have complex and mature themes and plotlines.

Advance (Book Advance)

P

In Traditional Publishing, an advance is a negotiated amount of money a publisher sends an author to buy the rights to publish their manuscript.

Advance Reader Copy (ARC)

M

An unpublished copy of a book distributed to readers for free in exchange for an honest review.

Adverb

W

A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb, providing more information about how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.

Alpha Reader

W

An early reader of a manuscript who provides crucial feedback on plot, characters, and themes.

Amazon

M

An online retailer popular for purchasing books in all formats (i.e., print, digital, audio).

Amazon Categories

M

Categories on Amazon separate books into sections, similar to a physical bookstore. The requirements to be a #1 seller in a category vary. Some categories may require selling a hundred books, while others may only need two.

Amazon Keywords

M

Words or phrases shoppers use to find books. Keywords are competitive and depend on the target audience. The goal is to identify keywords with the highest search volume and lowest competition that are still relevant to the book.

Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN)

M

A unique identifier for products listed on Amazon.

American Library Association (ALA)

P

A professional organization supporting libraries and library workers in the U.S.

American Psychological Association (APA)

W

A style guide used primarily in social sciences for citation and manuscript structure.

Anthology

P

A collection of works, often poetry, essays, short stories, or excerpts from larger works, compiled into one volume. This can feature one single author's work or the work of multiple authors. See Collection.

Anthropomorphism

W

The attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities or objects. (See Zoomorphism)

Archetype

W

A universally recognizable character, symbol, or motif that recurs across stories, cultures, and media. Archetypes embody fundamental human experiences and characteristics, serving as foundational elements in storytelling. They represent typical roles or patterns of behavior, like the Hero or Villain, making narratives familiar and relatable to audiences.

Article

M

Written for magazines, newspapers, or online platforms, covering news, analysis, or informative content. 500 to 2,000 words

Audience

M

The book's intended readership with specific demographic information.

Audiobook Creation Exchange (ACX)

P

A platform for creating audiobooks, connecting authors, narrators, and producers.

Author

W

The person who writes the literary work.

Author Biography (Author Bio)

M

A brief description of an author's background, achievements, and qualifications used to establish authority.

Autofiction

W

A subgenre of fiction that blends reality and imagination, often involving fictionalized versions of the author's life.

BOB (Back of Book)

P

The section at the back of a book that includes elements like author bios, acknowledgments, and additional resources.

Back Cover Copy

M

The text on the back of a book or dust jacket, intended to pique interest. It may include a summary or teaser of the book's contents, author information, reviews, or other details to encourage purchase and reading.

Backstory

W

Events occurring before the main story begins. This may include the history or experiences of characters or entire populations and can be explained through flashbacks, dialogue, or exposition.

Barnes & Noble

M

A chain bookstore selling a wide selection of ebooks and physical books for adults and children.

Best Seller List

M

A list of books that have sold the most copies, with varying requirements for inclusion.

Beta Reader

W

An individual who receives a nearly-final manuscript for feedback. They evaluate character development, dialogue, pacing, and overall readability, aiding in refining the manuscript before publication.

Biography/Autobiography

W

A detailed account of a person's life, either written by someone else (biography) or by the subject themselves (autobiography). 50,000 to 100,000 words

Blurb

M

A brief promotional description or summary of a book, usually found on the book cover or in marketing materials.

Board Books

P

Durable books typically made with cardboard, designed for infants and toddlers ages 0-3.

Book Club

M

A group of readers who discuss a particular book, which can be in-person or virtual.

Book Cover (Design)

M

The visual design of a book cover, including images and typography, crucial for marketing.

Book Fair

M

A commercial event focused on selling books, often including signings, sales, and promotions. Authors may or may not be present.

Book Festival

M

An event celebrating books, authors, reading, and literature. Authors may sell and sign books at booths, and there may be readings, Q&As, and other literary activities.

Book Interior (Design)

P

The layout of a book's pages, including font, font size, and overall composition, affecting the reader's experience.

Book Launch

M

A series of events leading to the release of a new book. It can include a social media campaign, launch party, signings, tours, interviews, press releases, and promotional events, aimed at creating interest and driving sales.

Book Printing

P

The process of creating physical copies of written content for publication. Steps before printing include editing and typesetting to ensure quality.

Book Proposal

P

A detailed document presenting the content of a potential book to an agent or publisher. It typically includes an overview, content summary, author's platform and credentials, outlines, and market analysis. Proposals are often for nonfiction works.

Book Tours

M

A series of events where an author travels to promote their book, including readings, signings, and discussions. Can be in-person or virtual.

Book Trailer

M

A video promoting a book, similar to a movie trailer. It aims to generate interest and excitement about the book's release.

Bookstore

M

A retail business where books are the main merchandise. Bookstores may be independent or part of a larger chain.

Branding

M

The process by which an author makes themselves known and differentiates from others. It includes how the author presents themselves, messaging, author voice, logo, tagline, and other strategies.

Byline

W

A line at the top of a magazine or newspaper article stating the author's name, possibly including additional information like the author's title or qualifications.

Call to Action (CTA)

M

A prompt encouraging readers to take a specific action, such as buying a book.

Chapter

W

A distinct section or division of a book or other written work, typically marked by a number or title. Chapters help organize the content into manageable parts, allowing the narrative or information to be presented in a structured and coherent manner.

Chapter Book (CB)

P

Books for young readers transitioning from picture books, with short chapters and often illustrations.

Chapter Breakdown

W

A more detailed analysis or outline of each chapter's structure, including major plot points, character developments, and thematic elements. It often serves as a guide for understanding the chapter's composition and flow.

Chapter Summary

W

A brief overview of the main events, themes, or points covered in a chapter. It usually includes key plot developments or important information.

Character Arc

W

The process by which a character undergoes change throughout a story, representing their transformation or inner journey by the end.

Children's Books

P

Books specifically written for children, featuring themes and illustrations suitable for young readers, aimed at entertaining and/or educating.

Click-Through Rates (CTR)

M

A metric measuring the effectiveness of keywords, ads, and other promotional materials, calculated by dividing the number of clicks by the number of times the ad is shown (clicks/impressions = CTR).

Cliffhanger

W

A narrative device where a story or chapter ends with suspense, leaving readers eager to find out what happens next.

Collaborations

W

Types of collaborations include co-authorship, ghostwriting, and contributor collaborations.

Collection

P

A compilation of works by a single author, often poetry, short stories, essays, or excerpts. See Anthology.

Comps (Comparative Titles)

M

Books similar to the one being proposed, used to demonstrate the market potential and positioning of the book. Comparative titles help agents and publishers understand the book's place in the market.

Concrete Detail

W

Specific and tangible details used to support and enrich writing. They help create vivid images and enhance the reader's experience by providing clear and precise information.

Conjunction

W

A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, such as "and," "but," or "because."

Content Management System (CMS)

M

Software for creating and managing digital content without coding, like WordPress and Wix.

Copy

M

Written content used in advertisements, websites, and other media to inform, entertain, or persuade.

Copyediting

P

The process of reviewing and correcting a manuscript for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and consistency before it is published.

Cost Per Click (CPC)

M

A metric in online advertising where advertisers pay per click on their ad.

Cost Per Mille (CPM)

M

A metric denoting the price of 1,000 ad impressions. Also known as Cost Per Thousand.

Cover Copy

M

The text on the cover of a book, including the title, subtitle, and author name. It is designed to attract readers and provide a glimpse of the book's content.

Cover Letter

P

A letter sent with a manuscript or book proposal to introduce the work and provide context. It typically includes a brief synopsis, the author's credentials, and why the book is a good fit for the publisher or agent.

Creative Nonfiction

W

A genre that combines factual content with creative writing techniques to tell a true story in an engaging and compelling manner.

Critique

W

An evaluation or analysis of a manuscript, focusing on strengths and weaknesses. Critiques can be provided by beta readers, critique groups, or professional editors.

Critiquing

W

The process of providing feedback on a manuscript, focusing on various aspects such as plot, character development, and writing style.

Crowdfunding

M

A method of raising funds for a project or book by soliciting contributions from a large number of people, typically via online platforms.

Defamation

W

The act of making false statements about someone that damage their reputation. In writing, it's important to ensure that all statements about real people are accurate to avoid legal issues.

Derivative Work

P

A new work based on or derived from an existing work, such as a sequel, adaptation, or transformation of the original work.

Developmental Editing

W

Developmental editing addresses major structural and content issues in a manuscript. It involves substantial revisions to the overall structure, plot, character development, and narrative flow. This type of editing aims to enhance the manuscript's coherence and effectiveness by reorganizing content and improving the overall structure, usually done early in the editing process.

Dialogue Tags

W

Words or phrases used to indicate who is speaking in a conversation within a story. Examples include "she said" or "Jane said." These tags help clarify dialogue and maintain the flow of the narrative.

Diction

W

The choice of words and style of expression used by an author. Diction affects the tone, clarity, and overall style of a piece.

Did Not Finish (DNF)

W

A term for when a reader stops reading a book before finishing it.

Digital Advertising

M

Advertising conducted online through platforms.

Discovery

M

The process of finding new books or authors. It includes methods and tools readers use to discover books, such as recommendations, searches, and advertisements.

Distribution

P

The process of getting books from the publisher to the reader. This includes the logistical aspects of delivering physical copies to bookstores, online retailers, and other outlets.

Distribution Channels

P

The various routes through which books are distributed to retailers and consumers. Channels can include physical bookstores, online retailers, libraries, and direct sales.

Do It Yourself (DIY)

W

Self-directed approaches to tasks, including aspects of book creation and promotion.

Drabble

W

A very short piece of fiction consisting of exactly 100 words. It often focuses on a single idea or event.

Draft2Digital (D2D)

P

A platform for self-publishing and distributing eBooks and print books.

Ebook

P

A digital version of a book that can be read on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, and computers.

Editing

W

The process of reviewing and revising a manuscript to enhance its clarity, coherence, and overall quality. This involves correcting grammar, punctuation, and spelling, as well as reorganizing content and refining style. Editing prepares the manuscript for publication. There are different types of editing including developmental, copy, line and proofreading.

Editorial Review

P

A critical evaluation of a book or other work, written by a professional reviewer, critic, or expert, analyzing content, style, and overall quality.

Electronic Publication (EPUB)

P

A digital eBook format supporting flexible text and multimedia.

Elevator Pitch

M

A brief, persuasive speech that summarizes a book's main selling points and captures its essence. It's called an "elevator pitch" because it should be concise enough to deliver during a short elevator ride.

Endorsement

M

A recommendation or testimonial from a notable person or expert endorsing a book. Endorsements can enhance the book's credibility and appeal to potential readers.

Epic

W

An extensive and often grand-scale narrative, usually involving complex plots, a large cast of characters, and detailed world-building. Over 110,000 words

Epilogue

W

A concluding section at the end of a book that provides closure or additional information about the characters or story after the main events have concluded.

Epub

P

A popular digital book format compatible with many e-readers and devices. EPUB stands for "Electronic Publication."

Essay

W

A short piece focused on a specific topic or argument, often personal or reflective. 500 to 5,000 words

Exposition

W

The part of a story that introduces background information such as setting, characters, and the main conflict. It helps establish the context for the narrative.

Female Main Character (FMC)

W

The main character who is female.

First Draft

W

The initial version of a manuscript, written with the understanding that it will undergo multiple rounds of revision and editing before reaching its final form.

First POV

W

A narrative perspective where the story is told from the viewpoint of the narrator using "I" or "we."

Flash Fiction

W

Short, focused stories that often emphasize a single scene or moment. 100 to 1,000 words.

Flashback

W

A narrative technique where the story shifts to an earlier time to provide background or context to the current events.

Flashforward

W

A narrative technique where the story jumps ahead to future events, often used to show outcomes or consequences.

Foreign Rights

P

The rights to publish and distribute a book in countries outside the author's home country. These rights can be sold or licensed to foreign publishers.

Foreshadow

W

A literary device where hints or clues are given about events that will occur later in the story.

Foreword

P

A short introductory section written by someone other than the author, usually someone of note, that provides context or background to the book.

Format (Book Format)

P

The physical or digital structure of a book, including hardcover, paperback, and ebook formats.

Freelance

P

Working independently on a project-by-project basis rather than as a permanent employee. Freelancers in writing and publishing handle tasks like writing, editing, and design, and manage their own business aspects.

Frontmatter

P

The sections of a book that appear before the main text, including the title page, copyright page, table of contents, foreword, preface, and acknowledgments.

Fulfillment

P

The process of handling, packaging, and shipping orders to customers. This can include inventory management and order processing.

Gallery Proof

P

A pre-publication version of a book used for final proofreading and review before printing.

General Editor

P

The person responsible for overseeing the editing process and ensuring the manuscript meets quality standards.

General Market Fiction

W

Fiction written for a broad audience without focusing on niche markets or genres.

Genre

W

A category of literature characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Common genres include fiction, nonfiction, mystery, romance, and science fiction.

Genre-Specific Terms

W

Terms and concepts that are unique to a particular genre of literature, such as "hard science fiction" or "cozy mystery."

Ghostwriting

W

The practice of writing content on behalf of someone else, who is credited as the author. Ghostwriters are often used for autobiographies, business books, and novels.

Gift Books

P

Books designed to be given as gifts, often with special themes, high-quality binding, and attractive illustrations or packaging.

Graphic Novel (GN)

W

Books combining visual art with narrative, often telling complex stories.

Gutter

P

The inner margin of a book where the pages are bound together. Proper gutter size is important for readability and ease of use.

Hard Copy

P

A physical printed version of a document or book, as opposed to a digital version.

Hardcover

P

A book bound with rigid protective covers, often with a dust jacket. Hardcover books are typically more durable and prestigious than paperbacks.

Head Hopping

W

A writing technique where the narrative shifts between the thoughts and perspectives of multiple characters within a single scene or chapter.

Headshot

M

A professional photograph of an author used for promotional purposes, such as on book covers, websites, and marketing materials.

Hero’s Journey

W

A narrative structure where the hero embarks on an adventure, faces challenges, transforms through trials, and returns home changed, often bringing something valuable back to their world.

Hook

W

A compelling opening or element in a book that grabs the reader's attention and encourages them to continue reading.

Hybrid Publishing

P

A publishing model that combines elements of traditional and self-publishing. Hybrid publishers offer authors a mix of services, providing more support than self-publishing while allowing authors to retain more control and a higher share of royalties compared to traditional publishing.

ISBN (International Standard Book Number)

P

A unique identifier for books, allowing for easier cataloging and sales tracking. ISBNs are assigned to each edition and variation of a book.

Impostor Syndrome

W

A psychological pattern where an individual doubts their accomplishments and fears being exposed as a "fraud," despite evidence of their competence.

Independent Book Publisher

P

A publisher that operates independently of the major publishing houses. Independent publishers often focus on niche markets or specific genres.

Independent Book Publishers Association (IBPA)

P

An association supporting independent publishers and self-published authors.

Indexing

P

The process of creating an index, a list of terms and references used in a book, to help readers find specific information.

Infodump

W

A large amount of information provided all at once, often in a way that feels unnatural or overwhelming to the reader. It can disrupt the flow of the narrative.

IngramSpark

P

A publishing platform that offers print-on-demand and distribution services to authors and publishers.

Intellectual Property (IP)

P

Legal rights protecting creations of the mind, like literary works.

Interjection

W

A word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation, often standing alone, like "Wow!" or "Ouch!"

International Rights

P

Rights to publish, distribute, and sell a book in countries other than the author's home country.

International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

P

A unique identifier for books, aiding in tracking and cataloging.

Interview

M

A conversation where an author discusses their book, writing process, and other related topics. Interviews can be conducted by media outlets, bloggers, or other authors.

Jargon

W

Specialized terms or language used by a particular group, often difficult for outsiders to understand.

Journal

W

A personal record of thoughts, experiences, and reflections, often kept regularly by writers for inspiration and practice.

KDP (Kindle Direct Publishing)

P

Amazon's self-publishing platform that allows authors to publish and sell ebooks and paperbacks directly to readers.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

M

Metrics used to measure effectiveness and success, such as book sales or website traffic.

Kindle

P

Amazon's e-reader device and app, used for reading ebooks purchased through the Kindle Store.

Launch Party

M

An event to celebrate and promote the release of a new book. It can be held in person or online and often includes readings, signings, and other activities to attract readers.

Layout

P

The arrangement of text and images on a page. Good layout design ensures readability and aesthetic appeal in both print and digital formats.

Lead Magnet

M

A valuable resource offered for free in exchange for a reader's contact information, often used to build an email list. Examples include eBooks, checklists, and exclusive content.

Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)

P

A unique identifier for cataloging books in libraries.

Line Editing

P

A detailed editing process that focuses on improving the clarity, flow, and overall quality of writing at the sentence and paragraph level. It addresses issues like syntax, word choice, and pacing.

Literary Agent

P

A professional who represents authors in negotiations with publishers and helps manage their careers. Agents often provide guidance on manuscript preparation and submission strategies.

Literary Magazines

W

Publications that focus on literary works, including fiction, poetry, and essays. They provide a platform for both established and emerging writers to showcase their work.

Logo

M

A graphic symbol or emblem that represents a brand, company, or author. Logos are used in marketing materials to create a recognizable identity.

MC (Main Character)

W

The primary character around whom the story revolves. The MC is often the protagonist who faces the main conflict and undergoes significant development.

MSWL (Manuscript Wish List)

P

A list where agents and editors share the types of manuscripts they are currently seeking. Authors can use these lists to target their submissions more effectively.

Main Character (MC)

W

The central character around whom the story revolves.

Mainstream Fiction

W

Fiction that appeals to a broad audience and is not confined to a specific genre. It often deals with contemporary themes and issues.

Male Main Character (MMC)

W

The main character who is male.

Manuscript (MS)

P

The original text of a book before it is edited and published.

Manuscript Wish List (MSWL)

P

Lists by agents or editors specifying the types of manuscripts they are interested in.

Marketing

M

The process of promoting and selling products or services, including market research, advertising, and public relations. In publishing, this includes strategies to increase book sales and author visibility.

Mass Market

P

Books produced for wide distribution, often in smaller, more affordable paperback formats. Mass market paperbacks are typically found in supermarkets, airports, and other non-specialty retailers.

Media

M

Various channels of communication, including television, radio, newspapers, and online platforms, used to reach a wide audience. Media coverage can help promote books and authors.

Memoir/Personal Narrative

W

A nonfiction account of the author's personal experiences. 20,000 to 80,000 words

Metadata

P

Information about a book that helps with its discovery and categorization, including title, author, genre, keywords, and description. Good metadata is crucial for online visibility and sales.

Metafiction (Breaking the 4th Wall)

W

A literary device where the text self-consciously addresses the nature of fiction, often by breaking the "fourth wall" and acknowledging the reader or the fact that it is a work of fiction.

Microfiction

W

Extremely short stories, often under 100 words, that tell a complete narrative. Microfiction requires concise and impactful writing.

Middle Grade (MG)

W

Books aimed at readers aged 8-12, featuring themes and characters appropriate for this age group.

Mirroring

W

A narrative technique where characters or situations reflect or parallel each other, often used to highlight themes or character development.

Modern Language Association (MLA)

W

An organization providing guidelines for writing and citation in the humanities.

Narrative

W

The structured story or account of events or experiences, whether true or fictional. It encompasses the plot, characters, and settings within a book.

Narrative Arc

W

The shape that a story takes as it progresses from beginning to end. It includes the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

National Novel Writing Month (NANOWRIMO)

W

An event encouraging participants to write a 50,000-word novel in November.

New Adult (NA)

W

Fiction targeting readers aged 18 to 30, exploring early adulthood themes.

New York Times (NYT)

M

A major newspaper known for its influential journalism and bestsellers list.

Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)

P

A contract restricting the disclosure of confidential information.

Nonfiction

W

Literary works based on factual information. Nonfiction includes genres like biographies, memoirs, essays, and self-help books.

Nonfiction Book

W

A full-length work on a particular subject, such as history, science, self-help, or true crime. 50,000 to 110,000 words

Noun

W

A word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns serve as the subject or object in a sentence.

Novel

W

A full-length work with multiple characters, subplots, and a more intricate narrative structure. 50,000 to 110,000 words

Novelette

W

Longer than a short story but shorter than a novella, allowing for more character development and subplots. 7,500 to 20,000 words.

Novella

W

More complex than a short story or novelette, with a more developed plot and characters, but not as expansive as a full-length novel. 20,000 to 50,000 words

Online Bookstore

M

A website where books are sold. Examples include Amazon, Barnes & Noble online, and independent bookstores' websites.

Options in a Contract

P

Provisions in a publishing contract that give the publisher certain rights, such as first refusal for the author?s next book.

Orphans

P

Single lines of text left at the top of a page, separated from the rest of the paragraph. They can disrupt the reader's flow and are typically avoided in typesetting.

Outlining

W

The process of planning the structure of a book before writing. An outline helps organize ideas and plot points.

POV (Point of View)

W

The perspective from which a story is narrated. Common POVs include first person, second person, and third person.

Pantsers

W

Authors who write by the "seat of their pants," without a detailed outline. They often discover the story as they write.

Paperbacks

P

Books with a flexible paper cover, produced using offset printing. They are usually more affordable than hardcovers.

Pathos

W

A rhetorical device that appeals to the reader's emotions, often used to evoke feelings of sympathy, sorrow, or passion.

Pay-Per-Click (PPC)

M

An advertising model where advertisers pay per click on their ad.

Pen Name/Pseudonym

W

A fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name. Authors might use pen names for various reasons, such as privacy or branding.

Personal Assistant (PA)

M

An individual providing administrative support to manage tasks for professionals.

Personal Experience

W

Using one's own life experiences as material for writing. This can add authenticity and relatability to the narrative.

Personality Profile

M

A detailed article or segment about an individual's life, character, and achievements, often used in magazines and newspapers to highlight public figures or authors.

Picture Book (PB)

W

Books primarily intended for young children, with a large emphasis on illustrations and simple text to tell the story.

Pitch

P

A brief description of a book's concept, typically used to attract the interest of agents, publishers, or readers.

Plagiarism

W

The practice of using someone else's work or ideas without proper attribution. It is considered unethical and can lead to legal consequences.

Platform

M

The author's presence and influence in their field, including their online following, speaking engagements, and media presence.

Plot

W

The sequence of events that make up a story, including the conflict, climax, and resolution.

Plotters

W

Writers who plan their stories before starting to write. Plotters create detailed outlines and develop characters, settings, and plot points in advance, as opposed to "pantsers" who write by the seat of their pants and discover the story as they go.

Podcast

M

An audio program available for streaming or download, often in a series format. Authors may use podcasts for promotion or to share their expertise.

Podcast Tours

M

A promotional strategy where authors appear on multiple podcasts to discuss their book, similar to a book tour but in audio format.

Poetry

W

A literary form that uses rhythmic and aesthetic qualities of language to evoke meanings and emotions. It often includes elements like meter, rhyme, and metaphor.

Preposition

W

A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, often indicating location, direction, or time.

Press Kit

M

A collection of materials provided to the media to promote a book or author. It usually includes a press release, author bio, book cover images, and sample chapters.

Press Release

M

An official statement issued to the media to announce something newsworthy, such as the release of a new book.

Print on Demand (POD)

P

Printing technology for producing books as orders are received.

Prologue

W

An introductory section of a book or play that provides background information or sets the stage for the story that follows.

Promotional Materials

M

Items used to promote a book, such as bookmarks, posters, flyers, and social media graphics.

Pronoun

W

A word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence, used to avoid repetition.

Proofreading

P

The process of reviewing the final draft of a text to correct any typographical, grammatical, or formatting errors.

Public Domain

P

Creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Works in the public domain can be used freely by anyone.

Public Lending Right (PLR)

P

Compensation for authors when their books are borrowed from public libraries.

Public Relations (PR)

M

Managing and shaping the public image of individuals or organizations.

Publishing

P

The process of producing and disseminating literature or information. It encompasses all stages from editorial management and production to marketing and distribution. Publishers, whether companies or individuals, oversee these processes to ensure books reach the market effectively.

Pun

W

A form of wordplay that exploits multiple meanings of a word or similar-sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect.

Query Letters